Lightweight vs. heavyweight construction and their implication to Essay

Lightweight vs. heavyweight construction and their implication to energy efficiency in non-domestic buildings - Essay Example Since the effectiveness of the above strategies is related to the thermal mass of the building, the selection of the construction type is crucial. Considering that each type of construction has advantages and disadvantages in terms of energy efficiency, it is difficult to indicate which type of construction is likely to be more effective. Nevertheless, energy efficiency may be achievable when the advantages of both types of construction are exploited. It is well known that, almost half of the delivered energy is being used by buildings (Bellew, 2000). Energy is consumed in buildings for space and water heating, lighting, ventilation, air conditioning systems and general electrical services (Nicholls, 2002). In order to meet the above description, which is necessary both for survival and adequate levels of comfort it is important to consider the type of construction that consumes energy efficiently. In addition to this, the aim of this paper is to assess the methods used in each type of construction - lightweight or heavyweight- in order to provide efficient energy performance in conjunction with comfort in buildings. Energy efficient buildings are characterised by maximum utilization of natural means that result in minimised energy demand for heating, ventilation, cooling and lighting (Goulding & Lewis, 1994). According to this, methods such as natural ventilation, passive cooling, day lighting and effective use of external (solar) and internal heat gains are the main natural means that define energy efficient buildings. It is also important mentioning that, energy efficiency is specified by the effective use of natural means on the fabric of the building. As such, natural means present different performance when reacting with different fabrics. Nonetheless, energy efficiency of buildings is achievable when a well-managed combination of

How does diversity of employment affect the welfare(income per person) Dissertation - 1

How does diversity of employment affect the welfare(income per person) in cities of America - Dissertation Example It has also been stated that this diversification also tends to reduce unemployment in both times of economic difficulty and normally. Thus diversification may or may not be strongly associated with both economic growth and stability which is the goal of every nation in the world. Diversity of employment also depends upon the level of education and population levels of the area. Though it has often been proven that with diversification comes sustainability but the effects on per capita income are largely unknown which are investigated in this paper. It has also been stated that diversification does not get along well with specialization which is also often associated with high per capita income. Thus a trade off often exists at some points where economic diversity may hinder both stability and growth. (Tran, 2011) This study includes a literature review from various scholars and their studies to analyze whether diversification affects per capita income or not? This theoretical review is followed by an empirical study which uses data from the US government from 30 cities across the United States. Together both these studies try to reach a conclusion whether economic diversity and per capita income are related. References Malizia, E. a. (2003). The Influence of Economic Diversity on Unemployment and Stability.